The Hot Extrusion Process - The Way It Works And Its Sub-Processes
The extrusion process can be classified into hot extrusion, warm extrusion and cold extrusion. These three types differ in the temperatures to which metals are put through and several other aspects. To make things clearer, let me start by defining the term extrusion.
What is extrusion?
Extrusion is a procedure used in metals to convert them into different shapes. The final products are then used in several sectors such as automobile and aircraft companies. The process of shaping the metal is done by punching it into a range of dies until the preferred shape is achieved. Machineries and tools that come in various sizes and functionalities are used to do things faster and more efficiently.
What is hot extrusion?
Hot extrusion can also be referred to as hot working. It is the procedure where a piece of metal is warped or melted by means of heat greater than its recrystallization temperature.
Hot extrusion may involve several sub-processes and they are drawing, forging, rolling and rotary piercing.
In drawing, tensile forces are used to stretch a metal. You can do any of the following drawing forms: sheet, bar, tube or wire drawing.
In forging, localized compressive pressure do the job. There are at least seven most common types and they are: drop, roll, press, upset, automatic hot, net-shape, near-net-shape, and induction forging.
In rolling, a pair or series of rolls are used where a metal stock could pass through. Flat, ring, and foil rolling are basically three of the usual rolling processes used now.
In rotary piercing, seamless tubing that has thick walls is formed. The process has two kinds: the Stiefel process and the Mannesmann process.
What are the advantages of hot extrusion over the other extrusion processes?
Some of the advantages of doing hot extrusion are listed below:
1. The material made via hot extrusion is more ductile compared to the material produced via other processes.
2. It is much easier to perform hot extrusion since it requires less force and energy.
3. During the deformation process, the pores found in the metal are reduced in size or are totally closed up.
4. Because this process is performed at extremely high temperatures, chemical inhomogeneities are minimized or are totally eradicated.
But, just like other things in this world, hot extrusion also has drawbacks. Here are some:
1. There might be unwanted reactions that may result from the exposure of the metal to the atmosphere of the surroundings.
2. You may need to invest in costly devices for example an induction heater or a diesel furnace.
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